樓承板，也叫壓型鋼板、鋼承板、鋼樓承板，支承樓面混凝土壓制成型的鋼板。非常早用于歐美國家和日本，從本世紀五六十年代，隨著這些國家的高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的興起。樓承板被廣泛應用，也隨著中國的改革開放，而傳入中國。

　　Floor support plate, also known as profiled steel plate, steel support plate, steel floor support plate, is a steel plate formed by pressing concrete to support the floor. Originally used in European, American, and Japanese countries, from the 1950s to the 1960s, with the rise of high-rise steel structure buildings in these countries. Floor slabs are widely used and have also been introduced to China with the country's reform and opening up.

　　樓承板在施工階段為可持續(xù)使用模板，承受施工荷載和混凝土自重。使用階段，壓型鋼板作為底面配筋。待混凝土達到強度后，產(chǎn)生組合效應。

　　During the construction phase, the floor slab is a sustainable template that can withstand construction loads and the weight of concrete. During the usage phase, profiled steel plates are used as bottom reinforcement. After the concrete reaches its strength, a combined effect occurs.

　　組合樓承板的優(yōu)勢

　　The advantages of composite floor slabs

　　1.不需要模板，省卻模板拆卸、安裝工作。

　　1. No need for templates, saving the work of template disassembly and installation.

　　2.樓承板相當于抗拉主筋，只需配置穩(wěn)定鋼筋。

　　2. The floor slab is equivalent to the tensile main reinforcement, and only stable steel bars need to be configured.

　　3.樓承板本身為混凝土樓層提供了平整的頂棚表面。

　　3. The floor slab itself provides a flat ceiling surface for the concrete floor.

　　4.在安裝后樓承板可作為工人、材料、設(shè)備的安全工作臺。5.樓承板的波紋間距有預加工的槽，可供電力、通信等工程之用。

　　4. After installation, the floor support plate can serve as a safe workbench for workers, materials, and equipment. 5. The corrugated spacing of the floor slab has pre processed grooves, which can be used for power, communication and other engineering projects.

　　6.整個結(jié)構(gòu)的恒載荷減少，節(jié)約下步的基礎(chǔ)費用。

　　6. The constant load of the entire structure is reduced, saving the foundation cost for the next step.

　　7.施工階段，樓承板可起增強支撐鋼梁側(cè)向穩(wěn)定的作用。8.更好地發(fā)揮鋼與混凝土兩種材料的力學性質(zhì)。

　　During the construction phase, the floor slab can enhance the lateral stability of the supporting steel beams. 8. Fully utilize the mechanical properties of both steel and concrete materials.

　　樓承板的用途及優(yōu)點

　　The purpose and advantages of floor slabs

　　1、簡單的說樓承板只是在短時間提供一個堅固的施工平臺，這個平臺是為了施工方便，很多人錯誤的認為，樓承板的作用是用來承重的，其實不是，他的承重功能是只是在短時間承受混凝土的重量，等混凝土干了以后，樓承板的作用基本消失。2、但是樓承板也有些特殊的作用，比如抗震。樓承板連接鋼梁，樓承板有一定的韌性，比如遇到地震，樓承板是不可能像混凝土那樣整體碎掉，它還是一個整體，很大機率保證人和財物的安全。

　　1. Simply put, the floor slab only provides a sturdy construction platform for a short period of time. This platform is for the convenience of construction. Many people mistakenly believe that the function of the floor slab is to bear weight, but in fact, its load-bearing function is only to bear the weight of concrete for a short period of time. After the concrete dries, the function of the floor slab basically disappears. 2. But floor slabs also have some special functions, such as earthquake resistance. The floor slab is connected to the steel beam, and it has a certain degree of toughness. For example, in the event of an earthquake, the floor slab cannot be broken as a whole like concrete. It is still a whole, which is highly likely to ensure the safety of people and property.

　　3、樓承板鋪設(shè)起來非常快，如果是高層建筑，還可多個樓層一起鋪設(shè)，到時候在一起澆混凝土，節(jié)省了很多時間、人力、財力，樓承板的固定也很快，如用專門的焊釘機打打，沒多長時間就完事了，跟傳統(tǒng)的木板相比，要簡單的多。4、說樓承板防火大家肯定不容易理解，我說要與木板相比，這樣您一下子就明白了，樓承板是鍍鋅鋼板做的，不容易起水，更不容易燃燒了，在短時間內(nèi)還可以阻隔火的傳播，在一定程度上，減緩火勢。

　　3. The laying of the floor support board is very fast. If it is a high-rise building, multiple floors can be laid together, and concrete can be poured together, saving a lot of time, manpower, and financial resources. The fixing of the floor support board is also very fast. If a specialized nail welding machine is used, it will be completed in no time. Compared with traditional wooden boards, it is much simpler. 4. It's not easy for everyone to understand when it comes to fire prevention with floor decking. I said it should be compared to wooden boards, so you immediately understand that floor decking is made of galvanized steel plate, which is not easy to water or burn. It can also block the spread of fire in a short period of time and to some extent, slow down the fire.

　　5、節(jié)省混凝土的用量，樓承板一般是V型、U型、梯形，凸起的部分混凝土要少的多，不像土板它是平板，樓承板一般可節(jié)省三分之一的混凝土用量，現(xiàn)在混凝土也很貴。產(chǎn)品廣泛用于電廠、電力設(shè)備公司，汽車展廳、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房、水泥庫房、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)辦公室、機場候機樓、火車站、體育場館、音樂廳、大劇院、大型超市、物流中心、奧運場館體育場館等鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑。

　　5. To save the amount of concrete used, floor slabs are generally V-shaped, U-shaped, or trapezoidal, with much less concrete in the protruding parts. Unlike soil slabs, which are flat slabs, floor slabs can generally save one-third of the amount of concrete used. Nowadays, concrete is also very expensive. The product is widely used in steel structure buildings such as power plants, power equipment companies, automobile exhibition halls, steel structure factories, cement warehouses, steel structure offices, airport terminals, train stations, sports venues, music halls, theaters, large supermarkets, logistics centers, Olympic venues and sports venues.

　　樓承板的安裝方法

　　Installation method of floor slab

　　1、先在鋪板區(qū)彈出鋼梁的中心線，主梁的中心線是鋪設(shè)樓承板固定位置的控制線。由主梁的中心線控制樓承板搭接鋼梁的搭接寬度，并決定樓承板與鋼梁熔透焊接的焊點位置。次梁的中心線將決定熔透焊栓釘?shù)暮附游恢谩Ｒ驑浅邪邃佋O(shè)后難以觀測次梁翼緣的具體位置，故將次梁的中心線及次梁翼緣寬度返彈在主梁的中心線上，固定栓釘時應將次梁的中心線及次梁翼緣寬度再返彈到次梁面上的樓承板上。

　　1. First, mark the centerline of the steel beam in the laying area. The centerline of the main beam is the control line for fixing the position of the floor slab. The centerline of the main beam controls the overlap width of the floor slab and steel beam, and determines the welding point position of the fusion welding between the floor slab and steel beam. The centerline of the secondary beam will determine the welding position of the fusion welding bolts. Due to the difficulty in observing the specific position of the secondary beam flange after the laying of the floor slab, the centerline of the secondary beam and the width of the secondary beam flange should be bounced back to the centerline of the main beam. When fixing the bolts, the centerline of the secondary beam and the width of the secondary beam flange should be bounced back to the floor slab on the surface of the secondary beam.

　　2、在堆料場地將樓承板分層分區(qū)按料單清理出，并注明編號，區(qū)分清楚層、區(qū)、號，用記號筆標明，并準確無誤地運至施工推薦部位。3、吊運時采用專用軟吊索，以保證樓承板板材整體不變形、局部不卷邊。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計多層的一般采用3層一節(jié)柱安裝工藝，安裝樓承板時與鋼結(jié)構(gòu)柱梁同步施工，至少應相差3層，因此樓承板吊運時只能從上層的梁柱間穿套，而起重工應分層在梁柱間控制。4、采用等離子切割機或剪板鉗裁剪邊角，裁切放線時富余量應控制在5mm范圍內(nèi)，澆筑混凝土時應采取措施，防止漏漿。5、樓承板與樓承板側(cè)板間連接采用咬口鉗壓合，使單片樓承板間連成整板。先點焊樓承板側(cè)邊，再固定兩端頭，非常后采用栓釘固定。

　　2. Clean the floor slabs in layers and zones according to the material list at the stacking site, and label them with numbers. Clearly distinguish the layers, zones, and numbers, mark them with a marker pen, and accurately transport them to the designated construction site. 3. Special soft lifting ropes are used during lifting to ensure that the floor slab is not deformed as a whole and not curled locally. The design of multi story steel structures generally adopts the installation process of three layers per column. When installing the floor support plate, it should be constructed synchronously with the steel structure columns and beams, with a difference of at least three layers. Therefore, when lifting the floor support plate, it can only be threaded between the upper beams and columns, and the crane operator should control it layer by layer between the beams and columns. 4. Use a plasma cutting machine or cutting pliers to cut the edges and corners. When cutting and laying out, the excess amount should be controlled within 5mm. Measures should be taken when pouring concrete to prevent grout leakage. 5. The connection between the floor support plate and the side plate of the floor support plate is clamped with bite pliers, so that the single floor support plates are connected into a whole plate. First, spot weld the side of the floor slab, then fix the two ends, and finally use bolts to fix it.

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